Friday, November 27, 2009
نورثروب فراي وفن الرومانطيقية في السيرة الشعبية
يقدم الناقد الأمريكي البارز نورثروب فراي في كتابه الإبداعي "المقدس العلماني" بعض الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بموضوع الأساطير والقصص والحكايات الشعبية التي يعتبرها أجزءً أساسياً من التراث الرومانطيقية أو - كما يسمّاها - "المقدس العلماني". ومن أهم هذه القصص الموروثة من الماضي البعيد عند الثقافة الغربية هي أساطير الإغريق وشعر هومر. أما لا يعتبر فراي فن الرومانطيقية مجرد الأساطير القديمة أم الفولكلور، بل هي بأسسها غرض أدبي يحتوي بعدة ألوان الأدب المتنوعة ومنها الروايات والمسرحيات والقصص القصيرة التي تعتمد علي نفس التقنيات السردية والعناصر الأدبية التي تتميّز بها القصة الرومانطيقية التقليدية (مثل قصة الملك ارثور و فرسانه). لكن أغلبية النماذج الأدبية والفولكلورية التي يحلّلها فراي في دراسته عن الرومانطيقية هي مأخوذة من الثقافة الغربية ولذلك لأنّه ناقد غربي يكتب في ظل التراث الغربي. فما أقصد أن أحلّله في بحثي عن الحكاية العربية التقليدية هو العلاقة بين الرومانطيقية الشعبية والكتابة الأدبية في سياق عربي، أو بالأخص أتمنى أن أستعمل نظريات فراي النقدية لكي أفهم الحكاية الشعبية العربية وكيف تدلّ على الخيال العربي والبشري.
Monday, October 12, 2009
The Eternity of Cactus (أبد الصبارة) - Mahmoud Darwish
-Where are you taking me, Father?
-To the side of the wind, my son.
... And as they depart from the plain, the plain
Where Bonaparte's troops raised a hill to watch over
The shadows on the ancient wall of Akka -
The father says to his son: Do not fear. Do not
Fear the bullet's hiss! Cling
To the earth to survive! We will survive, and we will climb
To the top of some northern mountain, and we will return
When the soldiers go back to their faraway folk.
-And who will live in the house after us, Father?
-It will remain as it is now, my son!
He felt for the house key as if he was touching
His limbs, and was comforted. And he said to the boy,
As they crossed a fence of thorns:
My son, remember! In this place the English crucified
Your father on the thorns of a cactus for two nights,
And he confessed to nothing. You will grow older, O
My son, and you will tell the tale to those who inherit the rifles,
The tale of blood on steel.
-Why have you left the horse alone?
-To keep the house company, my son,
For houses die when their inhabitants are gone.
Eternity opens its gates from afar
For the carriage of night. From the wasteland, wolves howl
To a frightened moon.
And the father says to his son: Be strong like your grandfather!
And climb with me this final hill of oaks.
My son, remember: Here the Janissaries fell
From their war-horses, so stand fast with me
So that we may return home.
-When, Father?
-Tomorrow. Probably two days from now, my son.
And it was a fickle tomorrow, gnawing the wind
Behind them on those cold winter nights.
And the armies of Yehusha ibn Nun were building
Their strongholds with the stones of the house.
And as the two of them stood panting on the road to Cana:
Here
Our Lord passed long ago.
Here
He made the water wine. And he gave many sermons
On love. O my son, remember
Tomorrow.
And remember the Crusader forts
Devoured by April grasses, after
The soldiers departed.
-To the side of the wind, my son.
... And as they depart from the plain, the plain
Where Bonaparte's troops raised a hill to watch over
The shadows on the ancient wall of Akka -
The father says to his son: Do not fear. Do not
Fear the bullet's hiss! Cling
To the earth to survive! We will survive, and we will climb
To the top of some northern mountain, and we will return
When the soldiers go back to their faraway folk.
-And who will live in the house after us, Father?
-It will remain as it is now, my son!
He felt for the house key as if he was touching
His limbs, and was comforted. And he said to the boy,
As they crossed a fence of thorns:
My son, remember! In this place the English crucified
Your father on the thorns of a cactus for two nights,
And he confessed to nothing. You will grow older, O
My son, and you will tell the tale to those who inherit the rifles,
The tale of blood on steel.
-Why have you left the horse alone?
-To keep the house company, my son,
For houses die when their inhabitants are gone.
Eternity opens its gates from afar
For the carriage of night. From the wasteland, wolves howl
To a frightened moon.
And the father says to his son: Be strong like your grandfather!
And climb with me this final hill of oaks.
My son, remember: Here the Janissaries fell
From their war-horses, so stand fast with me
So that we may return home.
-When, Father?
-Tomorrow. Probably two days from now, my son.
And it was a fickle tomorrow, gnawing the wind
Behind them on those cold winter nights.
And the armies of Yehusha ibn Nun were building
Their strongholds with the stones of the house.
And as the two of them stood panting on the road to Cana:
Here
Our Lord passed long ago.
Here
He made the water wine. And he gave many sermons
On love. O my son, remember
Tomorrow.
And remember the Crusader forts
Devoured by April grasses, after
The soldiers departed.
Labels:
an-Nakba,
Arabic Poetry,
Mahmoud Darwish,
Palestinian Poetry
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Abu Nuwwas @ Qasabji's Bar
لا تبك ليلى ولا تطرب إلى هندِ
وأشرب على الورد، من حمراء كالوردِ
Don't weep for Leila, nor rejoice for Hind;
but drink to the rose, to the wine's rosy redness.
كأساً، إذا انحدرت من حلق شاربها
أجدته حمرتها في العين والخدِ
The glass! If she pours it down her drinker's throat,
its redness blooms in the eye and the cheek.
فالخمرُ ياقوتةٌ، والكأسُ لؤلؤةٌ
في كف جارية ممشوقة القدّ
For the wine is a ruby and the cup is a pearl;
gems from the hand of a slim-figured maiden.
تسقيك من طرفها خمراً، ومن يدها
خمراً، فما لك من سكرين من بدِّ
From her glance wine flows, and from her hand wine flows
-you are left doubly drunk at least.لي نشوتان، وللندمان واحدةٌ
شيءٌ خصصت به من دونهم وحدي
Two intoxications possess me, and my companions have but one;
by this alone I am favored.
Labels:
Abu Nuwwas,
Arabic Poetry,
bars,
Damascus,
intoxication,
khamariat,
Qasabji
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